The following MEDLINE items were compiled by SilverPlatter and are presented with their generous co-operation and permission. (See SilverPlatter's Worldwide Library for bibliographic search information.)Search 1 of 2:
[corpus callosum AND sex differences ]
Record 1 of 2 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1998/01-1998/10
TITLE: Sex differences in the human corpus callosum: myth or reality? AUTHOR(S): Bishop-KM; Wahlsten-D
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Neurosci-Biobehav-Rev. 1997 Sep; 21(5): 581-601 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0149-7634 PUBLICATION YEAR: 1997
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: It has been claimed that the human corpus callosum shows sex differences, and in particular that the splenium (the posterior portion) is larger in women than in men. Data collected before 1910 from cadavers indicate that, on average, males have larger brains than females and that the average size of their corpus callosum is larger. A meta-analysis of 49 studies published since 1980 reveals no significant sex difference in the size or shape of the splenium of the corpus callosum, whether or not an appropriate adjustment is made for brain size using analysis of covariance or linear regression. It is argued that a simple ratio of corpus callosum size to whole brain size is not an appropriate way to analyse the data and can create a false impression of a sex difference in the corpus callosum. The recent studies, most of which used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), confirm the earlier findings of larger average brain size and overall corpus callosum size for males. The widespread belief that women have a larger splenium than men and consequently think differently is untenable. Causes of and means to avoid such a false impression in future research are discussed. MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; Sex-Characteristics MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Corpus-Callosum-physiology CHECKTAGS: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-ACADEMIC MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 98015212
UPDATE CODE: 9802
Record 2 of 2 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1996
TITLE: Age-related changes in fibre composition of the human corpus callosum: sex differences. AUTHOR(S): Aboitiz-F; Rodriguez-E; Olivares-R; Zaidel-E ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Departamento de Morfologia Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Neuroreport. 1996 Jul 29; 7(11): 1761-4 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0959-4965 PUBLICATION YEAR: 1996
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: ENGLAND
ABSTRACT: We found positive correlations between the number of myelinated callosal fibres > 1 micron in diameter and age in humans. The relatively abundant axons with diameters between 1 and 3 microns correlated with age only in females, while the scarce fibres > 3 microns in diameter correlated significantly with age only in males. When analysing different callosal segments, it was found that in the midbody (but not in the splenium) of females the number of fibres > 3 microns also increased with age. In males, the relationship between these large diameter fibres and age disappeared after dividing the callosum into distinct segments. There may, therefore, be sex differences in the course of callosal fibre growth and myelination during the normal lifespan. MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adult-; Aged-; Cell-Count; Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; Middle-Age; Sex-Characteristics MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Aging-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Nerve-Fibers-physiology CHECKTAGS: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S. PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERS: NS20187NSNINDS; MH00179MHNIMH MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 97061629
UPDATE CODE: 9705
Search 2:
[corpus callosum AND sexual dimorphism ]
Record 1 of 7 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1996
TITLE: [Sexual dimorphism of the human brain--a review of the literature] ORIGINAL TITLE: Sexueller Dimorphismus des menschlichen Gehirns--eine Literaturubersicht. AUTHOR(S): Supprian-T; Kalus-P
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Psychiatrische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitat Wurzburg. SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Fortschr-Neurol-Psychiatr. 1996 Oct; 64(10): 382-9 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0720-4299 PUBLICATION YEAR: 1996
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: GERMAN; NON-ENGLISH COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: GERMANY
ABSTRACT: Some findings of neurobiological brain research regarding structural sex differences of the human brain are reviewed and discussed. Besides the well known difference in brain size, especially some cell groups of the hypothalamus display differences between the sexes. The results obtained for other regions, such as the corpus callosum and other commissural systems, are inconclusive. Further dimorphisms involve the temporal lobes and sex-specific brain asymmetry. These differences seem to be subtle and are superimposed by high interindividual variability. Finally, little morphological support is found for behavioural differences between the sexes. MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Brain-Mapping; Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; English-Abstract; Hypothalamus-anatomy-and-histology; Reference-Values; Temporal-Lobe-anatomy-and-histology MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Brain-anatomy-and-histology; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Sex-Characteristics CHECKTAGS: English-Abstract; Female; Human; Male PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 97085908
UPDATE CODE: 9705
Record 2 of 7 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1996
TITLE: Sexual dimorphism in the human corpus callosum? A comparison of methodologies. AUTHOR(S): Constant-D; Ruther-H
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town Medical School, Observatory, South Africa. debbie-h@anat.uct.ac.za SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Brain-Res. 1996 Jul 15; 727(1-2): 99-106 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0006-8993 PUBLICATION YEAR: 1996
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: NETHERLANDS
ABSTRACT: Mid-sagittal magnetic resonance images of 104 normal individuals were analyzed to assess whether or not the corpus callosum or parts thereof is sexually dimorphic in favor of females. Subjects were 56 males and 48 females, both groups being closely age matched. The outline of the corpus callosum was divided into seven subareas, using three different orientations. A comparison was made between subareas with the divisions based on different orientations. Results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in all cases, with one exception in females. No significant sexual dimorphism was found, with the exception of one subarea in one of the orientations which was significantly larger in males. No significant correlation was found between corpus callosal area and either cerebral hemispheric area or an estimate of cranial capacity. Relative measures, incorporating these two brain size indicators as covariates, also showed no significant sexual dimorphism. In conclusion, nosexual dimorphism of the human corpus callosum favoring females was found in this study, and it appears that inadequate sampling, differing feature orientation, and inappropriate size correction procedures may have been factors responsible for conflicting results in previous studies. MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adult-; Aged-; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-methods; Middle-Age; Reproducibility-of-Results; Retrospective-Studies MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; *Sex-Characteristics CHECKTAGS: Comparative-Study; Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 96440076
UPDATE CODE: 9702
Record 3 of 7 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1998/01-1998/10
TITLE: Sexual dimorphism of the developing human brain. AUTHOR(S): Giedd-JN; Castellanos-FX; Rajapakse-JC; Vaituzis-AC; Rapoport-JL ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. jgiedd@helix.nih.gov SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Prog-Neuropsychopharmacol-Biol-Psychiatry. 1997 Nov; 21(8): 1185-201 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0278-5846 PUBLICATION YEAR: 1997
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: ENGLAND
ABSTRACT: 1. Sexual dimorphism of human brain anatomy has not been well-studied between 4 and 18 years of age, a time of emerging sex differences in behavior and the sexually specific hormonal changes of adrenarche (the predominantly androgenic augmentation of adrenal cortex function occurring at approximately age 8) and puberty. 2. To assess sex differences in brain structures during this developmental period volumes of the cerebrum, lateral ventricles, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus temporal lobe, amygdala, and hippocampus, and midsagittal area measurements of the corpus callosum were quantified from brain magnetic resonance images of 121 healthy children and adolescent and examined in relation to age and sex. 3. Males had a 9% larger cerebral volume. When adjusted for cerebral volume by ANCOVA only the basal ganglia demonstrated sex differences in mean volume with the caudate being relatively larger in females and the globus pallidus being relatively larger in males. The lateral ventricles demonstrated a prominent sex difference in brain maturation with robust increases in size in males only. A piecewise-linear model revealed a significant change in the linear regression slope of lateral ventricular volume in males after age 11 that was not shared by females at that or other ages. 4. Amygdala and hippocampal volume increased for both sexes but with the amygdala increasing significantly more in males than females and hippocampal volume increasing more in females. 5. These sexually dimorphic patterns of brain development may be related to the observed sex differences in age of onset, prevalence, and symptomatology seen in nearly all neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood. MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Brain-anatomy-and-histology; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Image-Processing,-Computer-Assisted; Laterality-physiology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Reference-Values MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Brain-growth-and-development; *Sex-Characteristics CHECKTAGS: Female; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: CLINICAL-TRIAL; JOURNAL-ARTICLE MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 98121388
UPDATE CODE: 9805
Record 4 of 7 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1991 - 1995
TITLE: Sexual dimorphism in interhemispheric relations: anatomical-behavioral convergence. AUTHOR(S): Zaidel-E; Aboitiz-F; Clarke-J ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA. SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Biol-Res. 1995; 28(1): 27-43 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0716-9760 PUBLICATION YEAR: 1995
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: CHILE
ABSTRACT: An embryogenetic hypothesis states that hemispheric specialization is inversely related to callosal connectivity (Geschwind and Galaburda, 1985). We tested this hypothesis (i) anatomically by relating postmortem planum temporale asymmetry to regional callosal morphology and (ii) behaviorally by relating the right visual field advantage in a lateralized lexical decision task with associative primes to regional callosal morphometry using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The postmortem study showed a significant negative correlation between planum temporale asymmetry and the number of small diameter fibers in the isthmus of the corpus callosum, but only for males. The MRI study showed a significant negative correlation between the right visual hemifield advantage for associated words and the cross section size of the isthmus of the corpus callosum, but again only in males. There was no sex difference in either the anatomical asymmetry, the behavioral asymmetry, or t hecallosal morphology. These convergent results suggest that there is a sexual dimorphism in interhemispheric relations in humans. MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adult-; Corpus-Callosum-embryology; Laterality-physiology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age; Postmortem-Changes; Sex-Factors MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Behavior-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; *Sex-Characteristics CHECKTAGS: Female; Human; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S. PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERS: NS20187NSNINDS; MH00179MHNIMH MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 96340527
UPDATE CODE: 9702
Record 5 of 7 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1991 - 1995
TITLE: Sexual dimorphism of the human corpus callosum from three independent samples: relative size of the corpus callosum. AUTHOR(S): Holloway-RL; Anderson-PJ; Defendini-R; Harper-C ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027. SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Am-J-Phys-Anthropol. 1993 Dec; 92(4): 481-98 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0002-9483 PUBLICATION YEAR: 1993
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: Three independent autopsy samples of brains without apparent neuropathology were studied to ascertain whether there was sexual dimorphism in the human corpus callosum (CC). Using planimetric measurements on midsagittal brain sections, several morphometric features of the CC were studied: total callosal area, maximum dorsoventral splenial width, the posterior one fifth of the total area of the CC (mostly splenium), and brain weight. Ratio data correcting for brain size were also studied. In all samples, absolute brain size was larger in males, and significantly so. Measurements of splenial dorsoventral width were higher in females than males, but not significantly, except in the Australian sample. Total callosal area was absolutely higher in the Australian female sample than in males, and almost equal in the two American samples, without statistically significant differences. The posterior one-fifth area (splenium) was larger for females in each of the samples. The variables which were corrected for brain size were usually significantly larger in females, although this pattern varied in each sample. The statistical pattern of sexual dimorphism for the human CC differs from that found in most other neural structures, such as the amygdaloid nucleus, cerebellum, hippocampus, and thalamus. The absolute sizes of these structures are always significantly larger in males. When corrected for brain size, the relative sizes are not significantly larger. The CC is the only structure to show a larger set of relative measures in females. MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Aborigines-; Adolescence-; Adult-; Aged-; Aged,-80-and-over; Analysis-of-Variance; Australia-; Australoid-Race; Caucasoid-Race; Middle-Age; New-York-City; Organ-Weight; Reference-Values MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; *Sex-Characteristics CHECKTAGS: Comparative-Study; Female; Human; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S. PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW-LITERATURE MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 94127560
UPDATE CODE: 9405
Record 6 of 7 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1991 - 1995
TITLE: Corpus callosum in sexually dimorphic and nondimorphic primates. AUTHOR(S): Holloway-RL; Heilbroner-P
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027. SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Am-J-Phys-Anthropol. 1992 Mar; 87(3): 349-57 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0002-9483 PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: The midsagittal area and other morphological measures were taken on the corpus callosum of four different species of primate: Macaca mulatta, M. fascicularis, Callithrix jacchus, and Saguinus oedipus. The first two species are strongly dimorphic, whereas the New World forms show little dimorphism with regard to overall body size, canines, and brain weight. Neither total corpus callosal area (TOTALCC), or other parts of the corpus callosum (CC) showed any significant sexual dimorphism in any of the primate species sampled. Only in M. mulatta did a sexual dimorphism appear to be significant. In males of this species, the dorsoventral width of the splenium was larger than in females. In addition, the anterior commissure (ANTCOMM) evinced no sexual dimorphism in the different species. Brain weight was significantly dimorphic in only M. mulatta, and when ratio data were used to correct for brain weight, no significant differences were found in the corpus callosum. This is in contrast to Homo sapiens, where the relative size of the CC has been reported to be larger in females, and particularly so in the posterior, or splenial portion of the CC. Correlation coefficients were calculated for the various variables within each species. In general, most of the callosal measures are significantly inter-correlated, although the exact pattern varies for each species. Thus, unlike Homo sapiens, or pongids such as Gorilla and Pan, neither New nor Old World monkeys show any striking evidence for sexual dimorphism in the corpus callosum. MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Macaca-fascicularis-anatomy-and-histology; Macaca-mulatta-anatomy-and-histology; Saguinus-anatomy-and-histology MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Callithrix-anatomy-and-histology; *Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; *Haplorhini-anatomy-and-histology; *Sex-Characteristics CHECKTAGS: Animal; Female; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S. PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 92222066
UPDATE CODE: 9207
Record 7 of 7 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1991 - 1995
TITLE: Sex differences in the corpus callosum of the living human being. AUTHOR(S): Allen-LS; Richey-MF; Chai-YM; Gorski-RA ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024. SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): J-Neurosci. 1991 Apr; 11(4): 933-42 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0270-6474 PUBLICATION YEAR: 1991
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: The sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum has remained controversial since the original report by de Lacoste-Utamsing and Holloway in 1982, for several reasons: (1) measurements have been performed in a variety of ways in different laboratories, in part because published reports frequently do not describe the methodology in detail; (2) despite known age-related changes during both childhood and adulthood, no investigators have explicitly age-matched subjects; and (3) the size and shape of corpora callosa vary considerably among individuals, requiring large sample sizes to demonstrate significant sex differences. Therefore, we have examined magnetic resonance images for 24 age-matched children and 122 age-matched adults for possible sex differences in the corpus callosum. While we observed a dramatic sex difference in the shape of the corpus callosum, there was no conclusive evidence of sexual dimorphism in the area of the corpus callosum or its subdivisions. Ut ilizing several criteria, there were significant sex differences in shape: subjective evaluation indicated that the posterior region of the corpus callosum, the splenium, was more bulbous shaped in females as a group and in women, and more tubular-shaped in males as a group and in men; mathematical evaluation confirmed this observation in that the maximum width of the splenium was significantly greater in women than in men, and that the percentage by which the average width of the splenium was greater than that of the adjacent corpus callosum was significantly greater in females than in males. However, sex differences in bulbosity did not reach significance in children (aged 2-16 yr). In contrast, among the area measurements of the corpus callosum and 22 subdivisions, only 1 exhibited a significant sex difference, which would be expected by chance. The area of the corpora callosa increased significantly with age in children and decreased significantly with age in adults. In ad ults, the midsagittal surface area of the cerebral cortex decreased significantly with age in women but not in men. These anatomical sex differences could, in part, underlie gender-related differences in behavior and neuropsychological function. MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Adult-; Aged-; Aging-physiology; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; *Sex-Characteristics CHECKTAGS: Female; Human; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S. PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERS: HD01182HDNICHD; AG00122AGNIA; HD19445HDNICHD MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 91186214
UPDATE CODE: 9107