Contents
  1. Display Syntax Components
  2. Examples of Display Types

1. Display Syntax Components

The QuizSite display syntax consists of seven components, plus comments. Each question that you place in QuizSite (by uploading) must contain a Display Type, Question Identification Number, Question Stem, and one or more Alternatives. Although you can store questions that do not have Topics in QuizSite, this practice not recommended, for Topics are used to select individual questions for assembly into a test or quiz. As the following table shows, the remaining components are optional:

Component
Display Type
ID Number
Topics
Question Stem
Alternatives
Feedback
Post-text
Comment
Required / Optional
Required
Required
Required
Required
Required
Optional
Optional
Optional
Certain values are valid for each component. If you are reading this document on-line, or if you print the document with a color printer, the required characters for each component appear in blue and the permitted characters appear in black.

Component Values Comments
Display Type Keyword RADIO
SELECT
ESSAY
CHECK
MATCH
OPEN
NUMERIC
CONTAINER
The display type keyword must be the first word on a new line, and it must be capitalized and spelled correctly.
Question Identification Number 0123456789
.
Use digits for the question identification number in all display types. Characters are not allowed. For clarity, up to three optional periods can be inclued to group numbers into arbitrary-sized clusters. Example: nn.nnn.nnnn.n Although there is no practical limit on the length of the identification number, short numbers are recommended.
Topics ( Any character or number or underscore separated by commas ) Use topics to categorize related questions. Commas are used to separate topics. Do not use any other punctuation marks, including colon, semi-colon, or period. Although not recommended, you can omit topics.
Question Stem All characters, numbers, punctuation marks. The item stem begins after the right parenthesis, that marks the end of topics, and extends until the first @ sign that begins on a new line. If you plan to include HTML code in the question stem or alternatives, be sure to read "Question Creation and Modification" first.
Alternatives @+
@-
@!
@?
The @ sign must be at the beginning of a new line to signal the start of an alternative. Alternatives must be placed after the stem and before the post-text (if any). A plus indicates the correct alternative. Minus indicates a distractor. Exclamation point means no scoring, but the student's identity is recorded. Question mark means no scoring and student's identity is not recorded (anonymous).
Response Feedback (Optional) RESPONSE:
WRONG:
GLOBAL:
FEEDBACK:
For RADIO and SELECT, use RESPONSE: to provide feedback for each individual alternative. Use WRONG: to provide feedback for all distractors. For CHECK, use WRONG: and GLOBAL:. For OPEN, NUMERIC and ESSAY, use FEEDBACK:. When feedback is used, the keyword must appear on a new line and be capitalized. Examples appear on the following pages.
Post-text (Optional) ... The post-text is visible to students and consists of text that is placed after the alternatives. Use three dots at the beginning of a new line to signal the begnning of post-text. All following text will be shown, until the next display type keyword is encountered, which signals the beginning of the next question.
Comment (Optional) ;;; Begins with 3 semi-colons and extends to end of line. All characters, digits, punctuation marks can be used. Comments are not stored in QuizSite

Display Type Each question must begin with one of the capitalized display type keywords listed in the "Values" column. These keywords signal both the beginning of a question and the manner in which the questions is to be displayed. Each question must begin on a new line, preferably in the first column, but may have any number of spaces and/or tabs preceding the keyword. If the display type keyword is not capitalized, QuizSite will treat the question as part of the preceding question's last alternative. There is no "end question" keyword in QuizSite, so all characters following a display type keyword are treated as one question, until QuizSite encounters the next display type keyword or the end of file.

Question Identification Number This number identifies uniquely each question stored in the QuizSite course account. If you anticipate uploading a large number of questions, you might want to devise a numbering scheme. For example, you can use the Registrar's code for semester and the year. The Registrar uses a single digit code to indicate the semesters: Fall = 1, Spring = 2, First Summer Session = 3, Second Summer Session = 4. Thus, 197 means "Fall 1997." You might choose to number the first question 197001, the second question 197002, and so forth.

You can include up to 3 periods to group numbers of arbitrary length. For example, you might number questions using this scheme: year.semester.activity.question ID. An item number would look like this: [97.1.42.146]. QuizSite treats all the numbers inside the brackets as the the item number. The periods are used to group the numbers in a way that is meaningful to you. The number of digits between periods can vary, but ease of interpretation is compromised if you do. All of the following are valid question numbers:

  • 001
  • 01.0002
  • 9709.01.002
  • 197.09.1.02
Caution: Questions uploaded with non-unique identification numbers overwrite previously stored questions that have the same number. This point cannot be overemphasized: The most recently uploaded question overwrites the previous question with the same question identification number.

Topics The terms you chose as topics can function in four (and more) different ways.

Subject matter. First, each question presumably measures a specific learning objective and/or topic. You can use topic keywords to specify the topic(s) to which each question refers. These might be the key terms or concepts listed at the end of the chapter in textbooks, or you may devise your own classification scheme.

Activity. Second, each question presumably will be used at some point in time as one item in a "measurement activity"; that is, in a particular test, quiz, set of study questions, evaluation, or survey. Tests are collections of individual questions. You can assemble the individual questions into a test on the basis of topics as defined in the preceding paragraph (i.e., topic keywords that refer to the subject matter). Or you can include "topics" that state explicitly when a particular question will be part of a test. For example, you might use words such as

  • week1
  • midterm
  • test_2
  • chapter3
  • 970913 [i.e. September 13, 1997]
  • quiz8
If you include such words as topics, then it is very easy to assemble particular items into a test.

Cognitive functioning. Third, the level of cognitive functioning that each question requires the student to perform in order to answer can be included as one of the topics. Bloom's (1956) taxonomy is probably the best known and most frequently used. You can include the terms he uses as topics: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. You can also use the terms from any other taxonomy.

Item difficulty. Fourth, you might want to classify questions on the basis of your subjective judgment about their difficulty. You can include "hard, moderate, easy" or finer gradations.

Question Stem This is the actual text of the question. Any number of spaces or tabs may precede the first character of the stem. Any punctuation marks can be used. The question can be as long as you wish, but in general, good items are short. Words can be boldfaced or italicized by including the appropriate HTML tags (see "Question Creation and Modification.")

Alternatives The first @ sign located at the beginning of a new line signals the end of the question stem and the beginning of the first alternative, or, for ESSAY, the beginning of the text box for responding. The @ sign must be at the beginning of a new line but any number of spaces or tabs may precede. Subsequent @ signs indicate additional alternatives and each must begin on a new line. An @ sign followed by a + (plus) indicates the alternative for which the student will receive a point. An @ sign followed by a - (minus) indicates an alternative for which no points are awarded.

Response Feedback This option enables the instructor to provide feedback to students when they select a particular alternative. The feedback keywords vary somewhat depending on the display type in which they are used. The following table shows which feedback keywords can be used with which display types. Examples appear later in this document.

Feedback Keyword Display Type Comments
RESPONSE:
WRONG:
RADIO
SELECT
RESPONSE: and WRONG: can be used with display types RADIO and SELECT. The keyword RESPONSE: must be placed after each alternative; WRONG: can appear only after the last alternative. RESPONSE: provides feedback for one particular alternative; WRONG: provides feedback for all distractors.
WRONG:
GLOBAL:
CHECK Use WRONG: and GLOBAL: to provide feedback for CHECK display type items. The feedback keywords must appear after the alternaives.
FEEDBACK: OPEN
NUMERIC
ESSAY
Use FEEDBACK to provide feedback for these display type items. The feedback keyword must be placed after the alternaive(s).

Post-text Three periods at the beginning of a new line signal the start of the Post-text. Any text can be included in the Post-text. It extends until QuizSite encounters the next display type keyword or a Comment (three semi-colons beginning on a new line). The Post-text enables you to add text that will appear after the alternatives (or the feedback, if used). The Post-text is useful for providing brief "how-to-respond" instructions to students. Textbooks on item writing suggest that the complete text of a question should precede the alternatives. The Post-text should not be used for the question text.

Comments The Comment component starts with three semi-colons beginning on a new line and extends to the end of the line. Use this component to store notes to yourself. Students will never see the comments, for QuizSite ignores the comments and does not upload them to the course account. Thus, if you upload questions with comments and during the semester edit them on-line, you will not see the comments. If you download questions stored in QuizSite they will not contain comments.


2. Examples of Display Types

This section contains examples of the syntax for each display type. The table of Question and corresponding Display Types is reproduced below. The first step is to decide which display type is appropriate for each of your questions.

Question Type Display Type
Multiple choiceRADIO, SELECT
True/FalseRADIO, SELECT
EssayESSAY
Check all that applyCHECK
MatchingMATCH
Fill-in-the-blankOPEN, NUMERIC
Item setCONTAINER



Display Type RADIO

RADIO is appropriate for displaying multiple choice questions and true/false questions. Here is an example of a multiple choice question, from Thorndike and Hagen (1977), as it would appear on a paper-based test:

Paper 1. Which of the following would result in the greatest reduction
of calories if it were eliminated from the daily diet?
            A. One tablespoon of butter
            B. One tablespoon of granulated sugar
            C. One slice of white, enriched bread
            D. One boiled egg
Screen Here is how the same multiple choice question appears on the screen when the RADIO display type is used:

1. Which of the following would result in the greatest reduction
of calories if it were eliminated from the daily diet?

A. One tablespoon of butter
B. One tablespoon of granulated sugar
C. One slice of white, enriched bread
D. One boiled egg

Click a circle to show your choice

File To prepare this question so that it is displayed properly in QuizSite, the instructor uses a word processor to type the following text in the question file. In these examples, the question text and alternatives appear in black; the QuizSite display syntax is printed in blue:

RADIO[197301](quiz_3,basic_nutrition_quiz,application,easy,nutrition,calories) Which of the following would result in the greatest reduction of calories if it were eliminated from the daily diet?
@+ A. One tablespoon of butter
@- B. One tablespoon of granulated sugar
@- C. One slice of white, enriched bread
@- D. One boiled egg
WRONG: See comparison chart on page 36 of textbook
... Click the circle to indicate your choice.
;;; from Thorndike & Hagen (1977, p. 234)
Display Components The following table lists the specific values used for each display component.

Component Value Explanation
Display Type Keyword RADIO Signals the beginning of the question. Must be capitalized and the first word on a new line.
Question Identification Number [197301] The number that identifies this item uniquely. Is not used by any other number in this course account. May include periods.
Topics (quiz_3, basic_nutrition_quiz, application, easy, nutrition, calories) The first two topics listed indicate explicitly when this item may appear to students. The third topic (application) is the level of cognitive functioning. The fourth (easy) indicates the instructor's judgment of the item's difficulty. The last two topic keywords (nutrition, calories) relate to subject matter. You can include spaces after each comma to improve legibility, but QuizSite removes these extraneous spaces.
Question Stem Which of the following ... daily diet? The question stem.
Response Feedback (Optional) WRONG: See comparison chart on page 36 of textbook Students who select any of the distractors will see this message. Although not shown in this example, each alternative can have a response.
Post-Test (Optional) ... Click a circle to show your choice This information appears after the alternatives.
Comment (Optional) ;;; from Thorndike & Hagen (1977, p. 234) Optional comments, not seen by students, are stored only in the word processing file on your microcomputer.

Feedback The preceding question is shown again as it would be typed into a file, but with feedback for each alternative. The question text and alternatives appear in black; the QuizSite display syntax is printed in blue:

RADIO[197301](quiz_3,basic_nutrition_quiz,application,easy,nutrition,calories) Which of the following would result in the greatest reduction of calories if it were eliminated from the daily diet?
@+ A. One tablespoon of butter
RESPONSE: Butter is the correct answer.
@- B. One tablespoon of granulated sugar
RESPONSE: Sugar has many calories, but one of the other choices might have more.
@- C. One slice of white, enriched bread
RESPONSE: Bread is relatively low in calories.
@- D. One boiled egg
RESPONSE: A boiled egg has more calories than butter?
WRONG: See calorie comparison chart on page 36 of textbook
... Click the circle to indicate your choice.
;;; from Thorndike & Hagen (1977, p. 234)

Template: RADIO Finally, the following paragraph shows a general template for the RADIO display type. The components are placed in <angle brackets>. Do not include the angle brackets when typing your items.

RADIO[<question id number>](<topic, topic, topic, ... >) <question stem >
@- <distractor... >
@+ <answer ... >
RESPONSE: <optional feedback for answer... >
WRONG: <optional feedback for distractor... >
@! <no correct alternatives; respondent identified >
@? <no correct alternatives; respondent anonymous >
... <optional question post text >
;;; <optional comment >



Display Type SELECT

SELECT is also appropriate for displaying multiple choice questions and true/false questions. The difference between RADIO and SELECT is in the appearance of the question on the screen. RADIO displays the question and alternatives in a manner that is similar to the way they appear on paper. SELECT "hides" the alternatives in a drop-down list. When the student activates the lists by clicking as indicated, the alternatives are revealed. The student makes a choice by clicking on one alternative. Only one alternative can be selected at a time. Selecting a second alternative de-selects the previous alternative.

SELECT can be used whenever RADIO is appropriate, and is most useful when the amount of screen space consumed by a question must be mininized. For example, if a multiple choice question has many alternatives, say more than five, consider using SELECT.

A multiple choice question, from Thorndike and Hagen (1977), is used to illustrate. Here is the question as it would appear on a paper-based test:

Paper 2. When a nutrient has been added that is not present in the natural food, the food is said to be:
            A. pasteurized.
            B. processed.
            C. fortified.
            D. refined.
Screen Here is how the same multiple choice question appears on the screen when the SELECT display type is used:

2. When a nutrient has been added that is not present in the natural food, the food is said to be:

Click on box for choices. Click alternative to show your choice.

File To prepare this question so that it is displayed properly in QuizSite, the instructor uses a word processor to type the following text in the question file. In these examples, the question text and alternatives appear in black; the QuizSite display syntax is printed in blue:

SELECT[1.97.302](quiz_1,test_3,knowledge,easy,nutrition,nutrients) When a nutrient has been added that is not present in the natural food, the food is said to be
@-A. pasteurized.
@-B. processed.
@+C. fortified.
@-D. refined.
WRONG: Read chapter 3 again.
... Click box for choices. Click on alternative to show your choice.
;;; from Thorndike & Hagen (1977, p. 229)
Display Components The following table lists the specific values used for each display component.

Component Value Explanation
Display Type Keyword SELECT Signals the beginning of the question. Must be capitalized and be the first word on a new line.
Question Identification Number [1.97.302] The number that identifies this item uniquely. Is not used by any other number in this course account. Periods are optional.
Topics (quiz_1, test_3, knowledge, easy, nutrition, nutrients) The first two topics listed indicate explicitly when this item may appear to students. The third topic (knowledge) is the level of cognitive functioning. The fourth (easy) indicates the instructor's judgment of the item's difficulty. The last two topic keywords (nutrition, nutrients) relate to subject matter. You can include spaces after each comma to improve legibility, but QuizSite removes these extraneous spaces.
Question Stem Which of the following ... daily diet? The question stem.
Alternatives @- pasteurized.
@- processed.
@+ fortified.
@- refined. Note that it is not necessary to add the "Click Here" text.
Response Feedback (Optional) WRONG: Read chapter 3 again. Students who select the second alternative will see this message. Although not shown in this example, each distractor can have a response.
Post-Test (Optional) ... Click box for choices. Click on alternative to show your choice This information appears after the alternatives.
Comments (Optional) ;;; from Thorndike & Hagen (1977, p. 229) Optional comments, not seen by students, stored only in the word processing file on your microcomputer.

Feedback Here is the same question but this code will provide differential feedback to the student depending on the particular alternative that is chosen.

SELECT[1.97.302](quiz_1,test_3,knowledge,easy,nutrition,nutrients) When a nutrient has been added that is not present in the natural food, the food is said to be
@-A. pasteurized.
RESPONSE: Look up this word in a dictionary.
@-B. processed.
RESPONSE: Yes, but maybe ther is a better choice.
@+C. fortified.
RESPONSE: This is correct.
@-D. refined.
RESPONSE: This term refers to sugar.
WRONG: Read chapter 3 again.
... Click box for choices. Click on alternative to show your choice.
;;; from Thorndike & Hagen (1977, p. 229)

Template: SELECT Finally, the following paragraph shows a general template for the SELECT display type. The components are placed in <angle brackets>. Do not include the angle brackets when typing your items.

SELECT[<question id number>](<topic, topic, topic, ... >) <question stem >
@- <distractor... >
@+ <answer ... >
WRONG: <optional feedback for distractor... >
RESPONSE: <optional feedback for answer... >
@! <no correct alternatives; respondent identified >
@? <no correct alternatives; respondent anonymous >
... <optional question post text >
;;; <optional comment >



Display Type ESSAY

The ESSAY display type is appropriate any time an instructor wishes to collect written responses.

Paper Here is an essay question, from Stalnaker (1951, p. 527) as it would appear on a paper-based test:

Take time to plan the answers you write on the following questions. You will be graded on (1) organization of the material, (2) intelligent use of facts to illustrate the general statements or arguments, (3) accuracy of the factual material related to the question.

"The power of the president of the United States depends entirely upon the presonality and policies of the man who holds office." To what extent is this statement true? Illustrate your arguments by reference to the administrations of two presidents.

Screen Here is how the essay question appears on the screen when the ESSAY display type is used:

Take time to plan the answers you write on the following questions. You will be graded on (1) organization of the material, (2) intelligent use of facts to illustrate the general statements or arguments, (3) accuracy of the factual material related to the question.

"The power of the president of the United States depends entirely upon the personality and policies of the man who holds office." To what extent is this statement true? Illustrate your arguments by reference to the administrations of two presidents.

Text "grows" beyond box boundaries as you type. Use sliders to view.

File To prepare this question so that it is displayed properly in QuizSite, the instructor uses a word processor to type the following text in the question file. In these examples, the question text and alternatives appear in black; the QuizSite display syntax is printed in blue:

ESSAY[197303](test_5,final,synthesis,moderate ,government,president) Take time to plan the answers you write on the following questions. You will be graded on (1) organization of the material, (2) intelligent use of facts to illustrate the general statements or arguments, (3) accuracy of the factual material related to the question. <p>

"The power of the president of the United States depends entirely upon the personality and policies of the man who holds office." To what extent is this statement true? Illustrate your arguments by reference to the administrations of two presidents. <p>

@!
FEEDBACK: Your answer has been recorded.
... Text "grows" beyond box boundaries as you type. Use sliders to view.
;;; from Stalnaker (1951, p. 527)

Display Components The following table lists the specific values used for each display component.

Component Value Explanation
Display Type Keyword ESSAY Signals the beginning of the question. Must be capitalized and be the first word on a new line.
Question Identification Number [197303] The number that identifies this item uniquely. Is not used by any other number in this course account. Periods may be used.
Topics (test_5, final, synthesis, moderate, government, president) The first two topics listed indicate explicitly when this item may appear to students. The third topic (synthesis) is the level of cognitive functioning. The fourth (moderate) indicates the instructor's judgment of the item's difficulty. The last two topic keywords (government, president) relate to subject matter. You can include spaces after each comma to improve legibility, but QuizSite removes these extraneous spaces.
Question Stem Take time to plan ... two presidents. The <p> indicates a new paragraph. The question stem.
Response Feedback (Optional) FEEDBACK: Your answer has been recorded. Students will see this message after they submit the test for scoring.
Post-Test ... Text "grows" beyond box boundaries as you type. Use sliders to view. This information appears after the text box. Students can press the "Enter" key to end lines.
Comments ;;; from Stalnaker (1951, p. 527) Optional comments, not seen by students, stored only in the word processing file on your microcomputer.

Template: ESSAY Finally, the following paragraph shows a general template for the ESSAY display type. The components are placed in <angle brackets>. Do not include the angle brackets when typing your items.

ESSAY[<question id number>](<topic, topic, topic, ... >) <question stem >
@! <answer is identified >
@? <answer is anonymous>
FEEDBACK: <optional feedback for answer... >
... <optional question post text >
;;; <optional comment >



Display Type CHECK

The CHECK display type is appropriate when a question requires students to mark more than one correct alternative.

Paper Here is a "check all that apply" question from Gerberich (1956):

4. John had a poor appetite and was frequently constipated. The doctor told him to increase the amount of vitamin B in his diet. Check each food that would furnish a sufficient amount of vitamin B so that you would advise that he add it to his diet.

_______ A. Split pea soup
_______ B. Green vegetables
_______ C. Cereals, such as cooked rice and white bread
_______ D. Salad dressing
_______ E. Butter
_______ F. Oatmeal
_______ G. Milk

Screen Here is how the same question appears on the screen when the CHECK display type is used:

Screen
4. John had a poor appetite and was frequently constipated. The doctor told him to increase the amount of vitamin B in his diet. Check each food that would furnish a sufficient amount of vitamin B so that you would advise that he add it to his diet.

A. Split pea soup
B. Green vegetables
C. Cereals, such as cooked rice and white bread
D. Salad dressing
E. Butter
F. Oatmeal
G. Milk

Click all boxes that apply.

File To prepare this question so that it is displayed properly in QuizSite, the instructor uses a word processor to type the following text in the question file. In these examples, the question text and alternatives appear in black; the QuizSite display syntax is printed in blue:

CHECK[197304](quiz_1,test_3,knowledge,easy,nutrition,nutrients) John had a poor appetite and was frequently constipated. The doctor told him to increase the amount of vitamin B in his diet. Check each food that would furnish a sufficient amount of vitamin B so that you would advise that he add it to his diet.
@+ A. Split pea soup
@+ B. Green vegetables
@- C. Cereals, such as cooked rice and white bread
@- D. Salad dressing
@- E. Butter
@- F. Oatmeal
@+ G. Milk
WRONG:Read chapter 3 again.
... Click all boxes that apply.
;;; from Gerberich (1956)
Display Components The following table lists the specific values used for each display component.

Component Value Explanation
Display Type Keyword CHECK Signals the beginning of the question. Must be capitalized and be the first word on a new line.
Question Identification Number [1.97.304] The number that identifies this item uniquely. Is not used by any other number in this course account. Periods are optional.
Topics (quiz_1, test_3, knowledge, easy, nutrition, nutrients) The first two topics listed indicate explicitly when this item may appear to students. The third topic (knowledge) is the level of cognitive functioning. The fourth (easy) indicates the instructor's judgment of the item's difficulty. The last two topic keywords (nutrition, nutrients) relate to subject matter. You can include spaces after each comma to improve legibility, but QuizSite removes these extraneous spaces.
Question Stem Which of the following ... daily diet? The question stem.
Response Feedback (Optional) WRONG: Read chapter 3 again. Students who select the second alternative will see this message. Although not shown in this example, each distractor can have a response.
Post-Test ... Click all boxes that apply. This information appears after the alternatives.
Comments ;;; from Gerberich (1956) Optional comments, not seen by students, stored only in the word processing file on your microcomputer.

Template: CHECK Finally, the following paragraph shows a general template for the CHECK display type. The components are placed in <angle brackets>. Do not include the angle brackets when typing your items.

CHECK[<question id number>](<topic, topic, topic, ... >) <question stem >
@+ <answer >
@- <distractor... >
WRONG: <optional feedback for distractor... >
GLOBAL: <optional feedback for all answers... >
@! <no correct alternatives; respondent identified >
@? <no correct alternatives; respondent anonymous >
... <optional question post text >
;;; <optional comment >



Display Type MATCH

The MATCH display type is used with only with the matching question type. Matching questions consist of several problems whos answers must be drawn from a single list of possible answers.

Paper Here is a matching question, adapted from Thorndike and Hagen (1956, p. 245):

5. Instructions: Below are given four kinds of appeals that advertisers of health and beauty products make.

A. Appeal to fear or sense of insecurity.
B. Appeal to snobbery or identification with a particular, small group or individual.
C. Appeal to desire to be like others, to join the "bandwagon."
D. Appeal to authority.

Statements 1 to 6 are advertisements of imaginary products. Read each statement carefully. For each statement, mark the letter of the appeal that is being used. Answer choices may be used more than once.

________ 1. Don't let iron-tired blood get you down. Keep your verve and vivacity. Take Infantol.

________ 2. Research shows Lucy's Little Lethal Pills are 10 times more effective than ordinary pain-killers.

________ 3. Dutchess Poorhouse, the international beauty, bathes her face twice a day with Myrtle's Turtle Oil.

________ 4. Men, are you tired of a woman's deoderant? Be a man. Use No-Sweat. Leave the weaker stuff to the weaker sex.

________ 5. At $1,629.21 the Inside Jogger is not for everyone. Only a select few can be proud owners of one! Are you one of these?

________ 6. Be one of the crowd. Drink and serve Popsie's Cola.

Screen Here is how the same question appears in QuizSite when the MATCH display type is used:
5. Instructions: Below are given four kinds of appeals that advertisers of health and beauty products make.

A. Appeal to fear or sense of insecurity.
B. Appeal to snobbery or identification with a particular, small group or individual.
C. Appeal to desire to be like others, to join the "bandwagon."
D. Appeal to authority.

Statements 1 to 6 are advertisements of imaginary products. Read each statement carefully. For each statement, mark the letter of the appeal that is being used. Answer choices may be used more than once.

1. Don't let iron-tired blood get you down. Keep your verve and vivacity. Take Infantol.

2. Research shows Lucy's Little Lethal Pills are 10 times more effective than ordinary pain-killers.

3. Dutchess Poorhouse, the international beauty, bathes her face twice a day with Myrtle's Turtle Oil.

4. Men, are you tired of a woman's deoderant? Be a man. Use No-Sweat. Leave the weaker stuff to the weaker sex.

5. At $1,629.21 the Inside Jogger is not for everyone. Only a select few can be proud owners of one! Are you one of these?

6. Be one of the crowd. Drink and serve Popsie's Cola.

Click one alternative to Match alternative to statement.

File To prepare this question so that it is displayed properly in QuizSite, the instructor uses a word processor to type the following text in the question file. In these examples, the question text and alternatives appear in black; the QuizSite display syntax is printed in blue. Note that the default alternative, "Click here for a list of appeals", is labeled @X.

Also note that you should not use a default alternative if you have more than five alternatives, as it will trigger a bug that does not display the alternatives in the correct order.

MATCH[197305](quiz_4,test_2,comprehension,easy,communication,advertising) Instructions: Below are given four kinds of appeals that advertisers of health and beauty products make. <p>

<blockquote>

A. Appeal to fear or sense of insecurity. <br>
B. Appeal to snobbery or identification with a particular small group or individual. <br>
C. Appeal to desire to be like others, to join the "bandwagon." <br>
D. Appeal to authority. <br>
</blockquote>
Statements 1 to 6 are advertisements of imaginary products. Read each statement carefully. For each statement, mark the letter of the appeal that is being used. Answer choices may be used more than once.

@X Click here for list of appeals
@A Appeal to fear or sense of insecurity.
@B Appeal to snobbery or identification with a particular, small group or individual.
@C Appeal to desire to be like others, to join the "bandwagon."
@D Appeal to authority.

@a 1. Don't let iron-tired blood get you down. Keep your verve and vivacity. Take Infantol.
@d 2. Research shows Lucy's Little Lethal Pills are 10 times more effective than ordinary pain-killers.
@b 3. Dutchess Poorhouse, the international beauty, bathes her face twice a day with Myrtle's Turtle Oil.
@b 4. Men, are you tired of a woman's deoderant? Be a man. Use No-Sweat. Leave the weaker stuff to the weaker sex.
@b 5. At $1,629.21 the Inside Jogger is not for everyone. Only a select few can be proud owners of one! Are you one of these?
@c 6. Be one of the crowd. Drink and serve Popsie's Cola.

... Click one alternative to Match alternative to statement .
;;; adapted from Thorndike & Hagen (1977, p. 245)

Display Components The following table lists the specific values used for each display component.

Component Value Explanation
Display Type Keyword MATCH Signals the beginning of the question. Must be capitalized and be the first word on a new line.
Question Identification Number [197305] The number that identifies this item uniquely. Is not used by any other number in this course account. Periods may be included optional.
Topics (quiz_4, test_2, comprehension, easy, communication, advertising) The first two topics listed indicate explicitly when this item may appear to students. The third topic (comprehension) is the level of cognitive functioning. The fourth (easy) indicates the instructor's judgment of the item's difficulty. The last two topic keywords (communication, advertising) relate to subject matter. You can include spaces after each comma to improve legibility, but QuizSite removes these extraneous spaces.
Question Stem Instructions:... The question stem.
Alternatives @X Click here ...
@A Appeal to ....
@B Appeal to ....
@C Appeal to ....
@D Appeal to ....
The alternatives to be matched with statements. Note that each alternative is preceded by a capital letter.
Statements @a 1. Don't let ....
@d 2. Research ....
@b 3. Dutchess ....
@b 4. Men, ....
@b 5. At $1,629....
@c 6. Be one ....
The statements. Note that each statement is preceded by a lower case letter. Use corresponding letters to indicate a correct match. In this example, Alternative B (Appeal to snobbery....) is the correct match for Statements 3 (Dutchess Poorhouse, internation beauty...), 4 (Men, are you tired...), and 5 (At $1,629.21 the Inside Jogger...). If a student matches any of the other alternatives to these three questions, the match is not scored as correct.
Post-Test ... Match the alternatives in the click boxes with the statement. This information appears after the alternatives.
Comments ;;; adapted from Thorndike & Hagen (1977) Optional comments, not seen by students, stored only in the word processing file on your microcomputer.

Template: MATCH Finally, the following paragraph shows a general template for the MATCH display type. The components are placed in <angle brackets>. Do not include the angle brackets when typing your items.

MATCH[<question id number>](<topic, topic, topic, ... >) <question stem >
@X <Click for alternatives >
@A <alternative... >
@a <statement >
... <Click box for alternatives >
;;; <optional comment >



Display Type OPEN

OPEN is appropriate for displaying short-answer and completion questions when a non-numeric response is needed. Here is a completion question as it might appear on a paper-based test:

Paper Write the answer to the question on the blank provided. A word will be sufficient.

6. In Silas Marner, who said, "The truth lies atween you; you're both right and both wrong, as I allays say"? _____________________

Screen Here is how the same completion question appears on the screen when the OPEN display type is used:

Write the answer to the question on the blank provided. A word will be sufficient.

1. In Silas Marner, who said, "The truth lies atween you; you're both right and both wrong, as I allays say"?

Write your answer here:

File To prepare this question so that it is displayed properly in QuizSite, the instructor uses a word processor to type the following text in the question file. In these examples, the question text and alternatives appear in black; the QuizSite display syntax is printed in blue:

OPEN[197.30.6](test_5,knowledge,easy,Silas_Marner) Write the answer to the question on the blank provided. A word will be sufficient.<p>

6. In Silas Marner, who said, "The truth lies atween you; you're both right and both wrong, as I allays say"?
@+(Snell:landlord)
;;; from Ruch & Rice (1929, p. 38)

Display Components The following table lists the specific values used for each display component.

Component Value Explanation
Display Type Keyword OPEN Signals the beginning of the question. Must be capitalized and the first word on a new line.
Question Identification Number [197.30.6] The number that identifies this item uniquely. Is not used by any other number in this course account. Periods are optional.
Topics (test_5, knowledge, easy, Silas_Marner) The first topic indicates explicitly when this item may appear to students. The second topic (knowledge) is the level of cognitive functioning. The third (easy) indicates the instructor's judgment of the item's difficulty. The last topic keyword (Silas_Marner) relates to subject matter. You can include spaces after each comma to improve legibility, but QuizSite removes these extraneous spaces.
Question Stem Which the answer ... as I allays say"? The question stem.
Response Feedback (Optional) FEEDBACK: See handout of characters. Students who response incorrectly will see this message.
Post-Text ... No post-text is included in this example.
Comments ;;; from Ruch & Rice (1929, p.38) Optional comments, not seen by students, stored only in the word processing file on your microcomputer.

Template: OPEN Finally, the following paragraph shows a general template for the OPEN display type. The components are placed in <angle brackets>. Do not include the angle brackets when typing your items.

OPEN[<question id number>](<topic, topic, topic, ... >) <question stem >
@+( < answer > : < answer > ) >
FEEDBACK: <optional feedback ... >
@! <no correct alternatives; respondent identified >
@? <no correct alternatives; respondent anonymous >
... <optional question post text >
;;; <optional comment >



Display Type NUMERIC

NUMERIC is appropriate for displaying completion questions when a numeric response is needed. Rather than specifying a single numeric value to be scored as the only correct value, you can specify a range of values to be scored as correct. Here is a completion question as it might appear on a paper-based test: Young & Veldman (1981, p.185)

Paper 7. At Drizzly Tech the mean IQ is 120 with a standard deviation of 10. At Flotsam University the mean IQ is 110 with a standard deviation of 15. What percent of the Flotsam University students are below 60 percent of the Drizzly Tech students? _____________________

Screen Here is how the same completion question appears on the screen when the NUMERIC display type is used:

Write your answer to the question on the blank provided.

7. At Drizzly Tech the mean IQ is 120 with a standard deviation of 10. At Flotsam University the mean IQ is 110 with a standard deviation of 15. What percent of the Flotsam University students are below 60 percent of the Drizzly Tech students?

Write your answer here:

File To prepare this question so that it is displayed properly in QuizSite, the instructor uses a word processor to type the following text in the question file. In these examples, the question text and alternatives appear in black; the QuizSite display syntax is printed in blue:

NUMERIC[197.30.7](test_8,comprehension,easy,normal_distribution,z_scores) Write your answer to the question on the blank provided. <p>

At Drizzly Tech the mean IQ is 120 with a standard deviation of 10. At Flotsam University the mean IQ is 110 with a standard deviation of 15. What percent of the Flotsam University students are below 60 percent of the Drizzly Tech students?
@+(69:70)
;;; from Young & Veldman (1982, p. 185)

Display Components The following table lists the specific values used for each display component.

Component Value Explanation
Display Type Keyword NUMERIC Signals the beginning of the question. Must be capitalized and the first word on a new line.
Question Identification Number [197.30.7] The number that identifies this item uniquely. Is not used by any other number in this course account. May include up to three periods.
Topics (test_8, comprehension, easy, normal_distribution, z_scores) The first topic indicates explicitly when this item may appear to students. The second topic (comprehension) is the level of cognitive functioning. The third (easy) indicates the instructor's judgment of the item's difficulty. The last two topic keywords (normal_distribution, z_scores) relate to subject matter. You can include spaces after each comma to improve legibility, but QuizSite removes these extraneous spaces.
Question Stem At Drizzly Tech ... students? The question stem.
Response Feedback (Optional) FEEDBACK: This is really two problems. Students who response incorrectly will see this message.
Post-Text ... No post-text is included in this example.
Comments ;;; from Young & Veldman (1982, p.185) Optional comments, not seen by students, stored only in the word processing file on your microcomputer.

Template: NUMERIC Finally, the following paragraph shows a general template for the OPEN display type. The components are placed in <angle brackets>. Do not include the angle brackets when typing your items.

OPEN[<question id number>](<topic, topic, topic, ... >) <question stem >
@+( < lower limit > : < upper limit > ) >
FEEDBACK: <optional feedback ... >
@! <no correct alternatives; respondent identified >
@? <no correct alternatives; respondent anonymous >
... <optional question post text >
;;; <optional comment >



Display Type CONTAINER

The CONTAINER display type is appropriate for "item sets." An item set consists of a paragraph, table, or graph that provides a context and may present a problem. One or more questions follow this context setting material. Haladyna (1994) states that other terms used to describe item sets include "interpretive exercises, scenarios, vignettes, item bundles, problem sets, super-items," and "testlets." Below is an example of an item set as it might appear on paper, from Haladyna (1994, p.48).

Paper Our solar system mainly includes nine plantes, their moons, and the sun. These nine planets revolve around the sun. Each planet rotates as it revolves. On planet Earth, each rotation takes one earth day. The path that each planet takes is an orbit. Moons are smaller bodies that revolve around planets. Earth has one mone, and other planets may have no moons or many moons. Any body that revolves around another body is called a satellite. All bodies have attraction for one another, which is called gravitation. The tendency for smaller bodies to be attracted to a larger body, such as you to the earth, is called gravity.

1. Which of the following describes any planet?

A. It rotates around the sun.
B. It revolves around a moon.
C. It has a moon.
D. It both rotates and revolves.

2. Which is an example of a satellite?

A. Earth
B. Its moon
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

3. What condition listed below demonstrates gravitation?

A. The pull between the earth and the sun
B. The pull between the earth and an ocean on the earth
C. Any body falling to earth
D. Any body that rotates and revolves

4. If a new body is discovered that revolves around the sun, what term best describes it?

A. Satellite
B. Planet
C. Moon
D. Gravitational body

Screen The CONTAINER questions appears in QuizSite as follows:

Our solar system mainly includes nine plantes, their moons, and the sun. These nine planets revolve around the sun. Each planet rotates as it revolves. On planet Earth, each rotation takes one earth day. The path that each planet takes is an orbit. Moons are smaller bodies that revolve around planets. Earth has one mone, and other planets may have no moons or many moons. Any body that revolves around another body is called a satellite. All bodies have attraction for one another, which is called gravitation. The tendency for smaller bodies to be attracted to a larger body, such as you to the earth, is called gravity.

1. Which of the following describes any planet?

A. It rotates around the sun.
B. It revolves around a moon.
C. It has a moon.
D. It both rotates and revolves.

2. Which is an example of a satellite?

A. Earth
B. Its moon
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

3. What condition listed below demonstrates gravitation?

A. The pull between the earth and the sun
B. The pull between the earth and an ocean on the earth
C. Any body falling to earth
D. Any body that rotates and revolves

4. If a new body is discovered that revolves around the sun, what term best describes it?

A. Satellite
B. Planet
C. Moon
D. Gravitational body

File The CONTAINER display type requires a little more syntax than the preceding disolay types. This question is typed in a file as follows. The question text and alternatives appear in black; the QuizSite display syntax is blue.

CONTAINER[197308](test_8,comprehension,moderate,reading,solar_system) Our solar system mainly includes nine planets, their moons, and the sun. These nine planets revolve around the sun. Each planet rotates as it revolves. On planet Earth, each rotation takes one earth day. The path that each planet takes is an orbit. Moons are smaller bodies that revolve around planets. Earth has one mone, and other planets may have no moons or many moons. Any body that revolves around another body is called a satellite. All bodies have attraction for one another, which is called gravitation. The tendency for smaller bodies to be attracted to a larger body, such as you to the earth, is called gravity.

{
RADIO[1] Which of the following describes any planet?
@- A. It rotates around the sun.
@- B. It revolves around a moon.
@- C. It has a moon.
@+ D. It both rotates and revolves.

RADIO[2] Which is an example of a satellite?
@- A. Earth
@- B. Its moon
@+ C. Both A and B
@- D. Neither A nor B

RADIO[3] What condition listed below demonstrates gravitation?
@+ A. The pull between the earth and the sun
@- B. The pull between the earth and an ocean on the earth
@- C. Any body falling to earth
@- D. Any body that rotates and revolves

RADIO[4] If a new body is discovered that revolves around the sun, what term best describes it?
@- A. Satellite
@+ B. Planet
@- C. Moon
@- D. Gravitational body

}