Despite the invaluable guidance
of the Chicago Manual of Style,
the journal has developed some conventions at the
request of our varied
audiences (authors, our readership, publishing
companies, and the Press).
This short guide will cite examples of the various
kinds of references
most often found in our journal's manuscripts.
One good example involves
the use of colons in the course of In-text citations.
Africa Today prefers to use colons
between the date of publication and the
page number of a particular source, instead of commas
as recommended
by the CMOS.
For example, the CMOS prefers this
method of in-text citation: (Avery 1999, 210),
but Africa Today
uses the following method:
(Avery 1999:[space]210) so as to
avoid a cramped appearance. Furthermore, the
CMOS use of commas
in a series is often unconventional, so we suggest
that authors cite
work titles as they appear on the work itself.
|
|
Books
- One Author
16.35
In the reference list, where
entries are arranged
alphabetically by authors' last names,
the name is inverted, last name first
(see also 15.83):
Barbour, Ian. 1974.
Myths, models, and paradigms:
A comparative study in science and
religion. New York: Harper and Row.
Woodthrush, Julian R. 1985.
Birdsong and mating behavior. New
Haven,
Conn.: George and Lilian Fromson.
Top
- Two Authors
16.36
In the reference list the name of the first
author is inverted, that of the second is given in
its natural order, and the conjunction is preceded
by a comma (see also 15.85):
Unwin, Liam R, and
Joseph Galway. 1984.
Calm in Ireland. Boston: Stronghope
Press.
Weinberg, Arthur, and
Lila Weinberg. 1980.
Clarence Darrow: A sentimental
rebel. New York: Putnam's Sons.
Top
- Three Authors
16.37
See discussion at 15.86.
BmR, P. D., S. W. Johnson,
and C. R. T. Bach.
1989. Mastering string quartets.
San Francisco: Amati Press.
or
Brett, P. D.; S. W. Johnson;
and C. R. T. Bach.
1989. Mastering string quartets.
San Francisco: Amati Press.
Merk, Jane S., Ida J. Fogg,
and Charles A. Snowe.
1987. Astrology for the beginning
meteorologist.
Chicago: Darkweather and Cler
Top
- More Than
Three Authors
16.38
When referring to a work by more than three
authors,
the text citation should give the last name of the
first
author followed by et al. or an others without
intervening
punctuation. In the reference list entry, however,
it is
customary to give all of the authors, in the order
in which
they appear on the title page.
(Sanders et al. 1989)
Sanders, G. S., T. R. Brice,
V. L. deSantis,
and C. C. Ryder. 1989. Prediction and
prevention
of famine. Los Angeles: Timothy Peters.
Top
- Anonymous
Works
16.40
If the authorship of a work is known but not
revealed on the title page, the name is given
in brackets:
[Doe, Jane]. 1948. The
burden of anonymity.
Nowhere: Nonesuch Press.
If the identity of the author is merely
surmised,
a question mark follows the name before the
closing bracket:
[Doe, Jane?]. 1948. The
burden of anonymity.
Nowhere: Nonesuch Press.
The text citation in both cases should give
the
name in brackets. In the latter case a question
mark
may be included if desired.
([Doe] 1948) ([Doe?] 1948)
16.41
If the name of the author is unascertainable,
the reference
entry should begin with the title of the work.
The use of Anonymous or Anon. is to
be avoided.
The date, in this case, follows the title.
The burden of
anonymity. 1948.
Nowhere: Nonesuch Press.
In alphabetizing the entry, the initial
article
is discounted. The article may be transposed to
the end
of the title, following a comma:
Burden of anonyrnity,
The
The text reference for such an entry may
substitute the title, or a shortened version of
the title,
for the author (see 15.252):
(Burden of anonymity
1948) or
(Burden 1948)
Top
- Descriptive
Phrase as "Author"
16.42
See discussion at 15.92.
(Cotton Manufacturer 1869)
Cotton Manufacturer. 1869.
An inquiry into the causes of the
present long-continued depression in the
cotton trade, with suggestions for its
improvement. Bury.
or
A Cotton Manufacturer. 1869.
An inquiry. . . [alphabetized under
C]
Top
- Editor,
Compiler, or Translator
16.46
The name of the editor, compiler, or
translator
takes the place of the author when no author is
listed
on the title page. In the reference list, the
abbreviation
ed./eds., comp./comps., or trans. follows the name
and is preceded by a comma:
Wiley, Bell I., ed. 1980.
Slaves no more: Letters from Liberia,
1833-1869.
Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
Kamrany, Nake M., and Richard
H. Day, eds. 1980.
Economic issues of the eighties.
Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins University Press.
Lenz, Carolyn Ruth Swift,
Gayle Greene,
and Carol Thomas Neely, eds. 1980.
The woman's part: Feminist criticism of
Shakespeare. Champaign: University of
Illinois Press.
McBurney, William Harlin,
comp. 1960.
A check list of English prose fiction,
1700-1739.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Wang, Jen Yu, and Gerald L.
Berger, eds.
and comps. 1962. Bibliography of
agricultural meteorology.
Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Williams, Charles, Margaret
Skelton,
Tim Peterson, Jeanne Cavanagh, and David
Michaelson, eds. and
trans. 1989. Letters, stories,
and poems from underground suburbia.
Chicago: Namsorg and DeLor.
The abbreviations for editor, compiler, and
translator are omitted from the text citations:
- (Wiley 1980)
- (Kamrany and Day 1980)
- (Lenz, Greene, and Neely 1980)
- (McBumey 1960)
- (Wang and Berger 1962)
- (Williams et al. 1989)
Top
- Editor,
Compiler, or Translator With an Author
16.47
The edited, compiled, or translated work of an
author indicated on the title page is normally
listed
under that author's name rather than the name of
the editor,
compiler, or translator. In the reference list the
name of
the editor, compiler, or translator is part of a
new element following the title and a period.
The new element is introduced by Edited by,
Compiled by, or Translated by.
The abbreviations Ed., Comp., and
Trans.
may also be used, but in this case they stand for
Edited by, Translated by, and so
forth, and
therefore the plural abbreviations Eds. and
Comps. should not be used.
Aris, Philippe. 1962.
Centuries of childhood:
A social history of family life.
Translated by Robert Baldock. New York: Knopf.
Pound, Ezra. 1953.
Literary essays.
Edited by T. S. Eliot. New York: New
Directions.
Unseld, Siegfried. 1980.
The author
and his publisher. Translated by
Hunter Hannum
and Hildegarde Hannum. Chicago: Univ. of
Chicago Press.
Newton, Isaac. 1976.
The mathematical papers of lsaac
Newton.
Ed. D. T. Whiteside and M. A.
Hoskins.
Vol. 7, 1691-1695. Cambridge:
Cambridge Univ. Press.
Naumov, N. P. 1972. The
ecology of animals.
Translated from the Russian by Frederick K.
Pious Jr. and edited by Norman D. Levine.
Champaign: Univ. of Illinois Press.
Or, to shorten this last entry:
. . . Trans. F. K. Pious Jr.,
ed. N. D. Levine. . . .
In text citations for these works, the name
of the author is used:
- (Aris 1962)
- (Pound 1953)
- (Unseld 1980)
- (Newton 1976)
- (Naumov 1972)
Top
- Authors
of Forewords and Introductions
16.51
Authors of forewords and introductions to
works by
other authors should be omitted from reference
list
entries unless the foreword or introduction is the
item
cited. In that case the entry is listed under the
name
of the author of the foreword or introduction. The
author
of the work itself is given after the title of the
work,
from which it is separated by a comma and the word
by:
Namsorg, Nodj. 1990. Foreword
to The psychodynamics of chronic
stress, by
Salvador Mensana. New York: Isadore
O'Malley and Son.
The text citation uses the name of the author
of the foreword or introduction:
(Namsorg 1990)
Top
- Organization,
Association, or Corporation as "Author"
16.52
If a publication issued by an organization
carries no
personal author'sname on the title page, the
organization
should be listed as the author, even if the name
is
repeated in the title or series title or as the
publisher:
International Monetary Fund
(IMF). 1977.
Surveys of African economies. Vol.
7, Algeria,
Mali, Morocco, and Tunisia.
Washington, D.C.:
International Monetary Fund.
Modem Language Association of
America (MLA).
1975. 1973 MLA international
bibliography of books
and articles on the modern languages and
literatures. 3 vols. New York:
Modem Language Association of America.
International Statistics
Institute (ISA). 1964.
Proceedings of the 34th session,
International
Statistics Institute, Ottawa, 1963. 2
vols.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Ohio State University.
College of
Administrative Science. Center for Human
Resource Research. 1977.
The national longitudinal surveys
handbook. Rev. ed. Columbus.
Washington University and the
Federal
Reserve Bank of Saint Louis, Center for the
Study of American
Business. 1977. Financing economic
growth: The problem of capital
formation.
CSAB Working Paper no. 19. Saint
Louis.
or
Center for the Study of
American Business
(CSAB). Washington University and the
Federal
Reserve Bank of Saint Louis. 1977 ....
Hamelin Public Welfare
Department. Pest
Control Division. Rodent Activities
Termination
Section (RATS). 1985. The piper and the
rats: A musical experiment. Report no. 84.
Hamelin, Vt.
or
Rodent Activities
Termination Section (RATS).
Hamelin Public Welfare Department.
Pest Control Division. 1985. . . .
Top
|
Parts of a Book
- Chapters
or Other Titled Parts of a Book"
16.75
When a chapter or other titled part of a book
is
cited, that title is given in roman type, with
sentence
capitalization, without quotation marks.
The title ends with a period and is followed by
In and the title of the
book. If the part is identified by type and number
("Chap. 8 in," "Pt. 1 of"), this information
replaces
In preceding the book title.
Phibbs, Brendan. 1987.
Herrlisheim:
Diary of a battle. In The other side of
time: A combat surgeon in Worm War H.
Boston: Little, Brown.
McNeill, William H. 1963.
The era of Middle Eastern dominance to 500
B.C. Pt. 1 of The rise of the West.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Thompson, Virgil. 1971. Cage
and the
college of noises. Chap. 8 in American
music since 1910. New York:
Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Kaiser, Ernest. 1964. The
literature of Harlem.
In Harlem: A community in
transition, edited by J. H.
Clarke. New York: Citadel Press.
Text citations to such titled parts may
include the
page reference, but the part is unnecessary:
- (Phibbs 1987, 117-63)
- (McNeill 1963)
- (Thompson 1971, 231-36)
- (Kaiser 1964, 48, 54)
Top
- Preface,
Foreword, Introduction, and Similar Parts
of a Book
16.77
See discussion at 15.129-31.
Jacobs, James B. 1989.
Introduction to
Drunk driving: An American dilemma.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Zimring, Franklin E. 1989.
Foreword to
Drunk driving: An American dilemma,
by James B. Jacobs.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Top
|
Multivolume Works
- Citing
the Work as a Whole
16.82
See discussion at 15.136.
Wright, Sewall. 1968-78.
Evolution and the
genetics of populations. 4 vols.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Top
- Citing
a Particular Volume
16.83
See discussion at 15.137-42, 16.12.
Ncombwai, Numi. 1988.
Epidemiology
in Africa. Vol. 2. New York: Hershall
and Son.
Farmwinkle, William. 1983.
Humor of the
American Midwest. Vol. 2 of Survey
of American
humor. Boston: Plenum Press.
or
Farmwinkle, William. 1983.
Survey of
American humor. Vol. 2, Humor of
the American
Midwest. Boston: Plenum Press.
Top
- General
Editors and Volume Editors or Authors
16.85
See discussion at 15.143.
Tancredi, Edmund. 1999.
The letters of
Edmund Tancredi. Edited by William
Tismont.
Vol. 2, The war years, edited by
Arthur Soma.
San Francisco: Idlewink Press.
or
Tancredi, Edmund. 1989. The war
years.
Edited by Arthur Soma. Vol. 2 of The
letters of
Edmund Tancredi, edited by William
Tismont. San
Francisco: Idlewink Press.
Ray, Gordon N., ed. 1959.
An introduction to
literature. Vol. 2, The nature of
drama, by
Hubert Hefner. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
or
Hefner, Hubert. 1959. The
nature of drama.
Vol. 2 of An introduction to
literature,
edited by Gordon N. Ray. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin.
Top
|
Journals
16.103
Journals are specialized periodicals and have more
restricted circulation than popular magazines. They are
often
intended for an academic, or scholarly, audience. It is
more
important to give volume and issue numbers in citing these
publications than in citing magazine articles. Except for
the
differences outlined above (16.21-25), the guidelines
applicable
to journal entries in a bibliography generally apply to
reference
list entries (see 15.207-30). The examples in the
paragraphs
that follow illustrate the various kinds of journal
entries
likely to be found in reference lists and the variations
in style permissible in such entries.
-
Article Titles and Journal Titles
16.104
See discussion at 15.208 and 16.100-101.
Bennett, John W. 1946. The
interpretation
of Pueblo culture: A question of values.
Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 2:361-74.
or
Bennett, J. W. 1946. The
interpretation of
Pueblo culture. Southwestern Journal of
Anthropology 2:361-74.
or
Bennett, J. W. 1946. Southwestern
Journal of
Anthropology 2:361-74.
Auerbach, C. 1949. Chemical
mutagenesis. Biol. Rev. 24:355-91.
Banks, William. 1958. A secret
meeting in
Boise. Midwestern Political Review
6:26-31.
Top
-
Titles Within Article Titles
16.105
See discussion at 15.219.
Lofton, Peter. 1989. Reverberations
between
wordplay and swordplay in Hamlet.
Aeolian Studies 2:12-29.
Loomis, C. C., Jr. 1960. Structure
and sympathy
in Joyce's "The dead." PMLA 75:149-5 I.
Top
- Quotations
Within Article Titles
16.106
See discussion at 15.220.
Arbogast, Melvin. 1988. Meeting "a
nicens little boy named baby tuckoo": Joyce
observed. Fictive Reviews 2:23-31.
Top
- Titles
Ending with Question Marks or Exclamation
Points
16.107
See discussion at 15.221.
Starczak, E. S. 1986. At last!
Patience
rewarded. Esoterica 13:42-49.
Quimber, Collie. 1977. Did Babbington
disclose
more than was necessary? Political
Review 16:71-78.
Top
- Volume
and Issue Numbers
16.108
See discussion at 15.210-11.
Sommerstein, A. R. 1972. On the
so-called
definite article in English. Linguistic
Inquiry 3:197-209.
Meltzer, Franqoise. 1979. On
Rimbaud's
"Voyelles." Modern Philology, vol. 76.
Armstrong, Paul B. 1974. E. M.
Forster's
Howards End: The existential crisis
of the
liberal imagination. Mosaic 8, no.
1:183-99.
Brain, C. K., and V. Brain. 1977.
Microfaunal remains from Mirabib: Some
evidence of palaeoecological
changes in the Namlb. Madoqua 10
(4): 285-93.
Top
- Month or Season
16.109
See discussion at 15.212.
Orshansky, Mollie. 1965. Counting the
poor: Another look at the poverty profile.
Social Security Bulletin 28
(January): 3-29.
Martin, Albro. 1979. Uneasy partners:
Government-business relations in
twentieth-century American
history. Prologue 11 (summer): 91-105.
Top
- No Volume Number
16.113
See discussion at 15.225.
Grabowski, M. M. 1990. After
post-modernism.
Journal of the American Aesthetic
Association, no. 3:39-47.
Top
|
Popular
Magazines
16.116
See discussion covering articles and regular
features at 15.231-33.
Karen, Robert. 1990. Becoming
attached. Atlantic, February, 35-70.
Caspari, E. W., and R. E. Marshak.
1965. The rise and fall of Lysenko.
Science, 16 July, 275-78.
Currents in the news. 1980. U.S.
News and World Report, 11 February.
The text citation for the last entry above
might be
(Currents in the news 1980) or
(Currents 1980)
Top
|
Newspapers
16.117
In the author-date system, citations to items in
daily newspapers are made in running text and are usually
not listed individually in the reference list. When
introduced in this way, titles are treated as in the
humanities style.
An editorial in the Philadelphia
Inquirer, 30 July 1990, took the
position that . . .
In an article entitled "The Iron
Curtain
Rises," published in the Wilberton
Journal,
7 February 1990, Albert Finnonian reported
that . . .
16.118
Should the author deem it appropriate to include
a newspaper citation in the reference list, an
individual entry might be made as follows:
Philadelphia Inquirer. 1990.
Editorial, 30 July.
Finnonian, Albert. 1990. The Iron
Curtain rises.
Wilberton Journal, 7 February,
final edition.
(For a discussion of other matters of style in
making citations to items in newspapers, see
15.234-42.)
Top
|
Reviews in
Periodicals
16.119
See the general discussion at 15.243.
Top
- Book Reviews
16.120
See discussion at 15.244.
Spitzer, Steven. 1985. Review of
The limits of law enforcement, by Hans
Zeisel. American Journal of
Sociology 91 (November): 726-29.
Lardner, Susan. 1980. Third eye open.
Review of The salt eaters, by Toni
Cade Bambara. New Yorker, 5 May, 169.
Top
- Interviews
and Personal Communications
16.126
Interviews and personal communications are
recorded in a variety of ways (see discussion at
15.262-69).
References should begin with the name of the person
interviewed or the person from whom the
communication was received.
Top
|
Interviews
16.127
Citations to interviews are best made in
running text in
the author-date system, but if the author wishes,
they may also
be listed in the reference list or in an appendix.
Top
|
- Published,
Broadcast, or Recorded Interviews
16.128
See discussion at 15.263-64.
Bellour, Raymond. 1979. Alternation,
segmentation, hypnosis: Interview with
Raymond Bellour. By Janet
Bergstrom. Camera Obscura, nos. 3/4
(summer): 89-94.
Singer, Isaac Bashevis. 1981.
Interview by Harold Fiender. In Writers
at work: The "Paris Review"
interviews, edited by George Plimpton.
5th ser., 81-92. New York: Viking Press.
Bundy, McGeorge. 1990. Interview by
Robert MacNell. MacNeil/Lehrer News
Hour. Public Broadcasting
System, 7 February.
al-Hamad, Hamid. 1989. Alexandrian
archaeology. Interview by Barker
Comstock, Videocassette, directed
by Nathan Goodhugh. Warberg Films.
Top
|
- Unpublished
Interviews
16.129
See discussion at 15.265.
Hunt, Horace [pseud.]. 1976.
Interview
by Ronald Schatz. Tape recording, 16 May.
Pennsylvania Historical
and Museum Commission, Harrisburg.
Roemer, Merle A. 1973. Interview by
author.
Tape recording. Millington, Md., 26 July.
Peterson, Tim G. 1989. Interview by
author. Long Beach, Calif., 1 August.
Top
|
16.1332
- (King 1976, 32-37)
- (Ross n.d., 142-55)
- (Mann 1968)
- (Maguire 1976)
King, Andrew J. 1976. Law and land
use in Chicago: A pre-history of modern zoning. Ph.D.
diss., University of Wisconsin.
Ross, Dorothy. n.d. The
Irish-Catholic
immigrant, 1880-1900: A study in social mobility.
Master's thesis, Columbia University.
Mann, A. E. 1968. The paleodemography
of
Australopithecus. Ph.D. diss., University of
California, Berkeley.
Maguire, J. 1976. A taxonomic and
ecological study
of the living and fossil Hystricidae with
particular
reference to southern Africa. Ph.D. diss.,
Department
of Geology, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg.
If the citation is to an abstract published in
Dissertation Abstracts International, the form may be as
follows:
(Downright 1993)
Downright, Alice B. 1993. Narrative
diffusion
and the professional editor. Ph.D. diss..
University
of Chicago. 1992. Abstract in Dissertation
Abstracts International 52:3245A-3246A.
Top
|
- Papers Read at
Meetings
16.133
See discussion at 15.273. The titles of the meetings
(symposia, conferences) are given regular title
capitalization.
(Speth and Davis 1975)
(Royce 1988)
Speth, J. D., and D. D. Davis. 1975.
Seasonal
variability in early hominid predation. Paper
presented at symposium, Archeology in
Anthropology:
Broadening Subject Matter. Seventy-fourth annual
meeting of the American Anthropological Association.
Royce, John C. 1988. Finches of Du
Page County.
Paper read at 22d Annual Conference on Practical
Bird Watching, 24-26 May, at Midland University,
Flat Prairie, Illinois.
Top
|
- Unpublished
Duplicated Material
16.134
See discussion at 15.275.
(U.S. Educational Foundation for
Egypt 1951, 28)
(Downes 1974, 12)
(Cooke n.d., 4-7)
United States Educational Foundation
for Egypt.
1951. Annual program proposal, 1952-53. U.S.
Department
of State, Washington, D.C. Mimeographed.
Downs, W. J. 1974. Systematic grammar
and structural
sentence relatedness. London School of Economics.
Duplicated.
Cooke, H. B. S. n.d. South African
Pleistocene
mammals in the University of California
Collections. Typescript.
Citations to working papers are as follows:
(Frishberg and Gough 1974)
Frishberg, Nancy, and Bonnie Gough.
1974. Time
on our hands. Working paper, Salk Institute for
Biological Studies, La Jolla, Calif.
Top
|
- Reports in
Pamphlet Form
16.187
See discussion at 15.399.
(Minister of Science 1961, 58)
United Kingdom. Office of the
Minister of
Science. 1961. Committee on Management and Control
of Research. Report.
Top
|
- Unpublished
Documents
16.189
As indicated in the discussion at 15.402-6, citing
unpublished government documents of the United Kingdom
is a complex and irregular affair. The difficulties are
compounded by the requirements of the author-date
documentation
system, which perhaps render that system less suitable to
such documents.
16.190
One solution to the difficulties is to describe the
item in running text; list the depository in parentheses,
in abbreviated form; and supply the details in the
reference list.
"Clarendon, in a letter to Lumley
dated 16
January 1869 (PRO), observed that . . ."
"Henry Elsynge, the presumed author
of 'The
moderne forme of the Parliaments of England' (BL
n.d.), maintains in that manuscript . . ."
United Kingdom. Public Record Office
(PRO). 1869. Foreign Office, Belgium/133, no. 6.
Clarendon to Lumley, 16 January.
United Kingdom. British Library (BL).
n.d. [Henry Elsynge]. The moderne forme of the
Parliaments of England. Addit. MSS 26645.
Top
|
- Parliament
and Executive Departments
16.193
(Commons 1951, 335-37)
(Senate 1970, 2:25)
(Commons 1956, 8-21)
(Sessional Papers 1917, xiii)
(Dept. Ext. Affairs 1953, 26-31)
Canada. House of Commons. 1951.
Debates, 2-6 October.
Canada. Senate. 1970. Special
Committee on the
Mass Media. Report. 3 vols. Ottawa.
Canada. House of Commons. 1956.
Standing Committee
on External Affairs. Minutes of proceedings and
evidence, no. 4, 24 April.
Canada. Sessional Papers.
1917. No. 20g.
Report of the royal commission to enquire into
railways and transportation in Canada.
Canada. Department of External
Affairs. 1953.
Statements and speeches, 53/30, 11 June.
Note that in the author-date system, for brevity and
ease of location, Sessional Papers is paired with the date
and, in the reference list, precedes the title of the
report.
Top
|
- Unpublished
Records
16.196
Because dates do not appear in references to
unpublished
records housed in the Public Archives of Canada, a
variation
from the usual author-date style is necessary in citations
to
these items. The text reference begins with the archive,
usually abbreviated PAC; this is followed, without
punctuation,
by an abbreviation for the name of the record group
(PCOR for
Privy Council Oilice Records, for example). The citation
should
then continue with whatever additional information is
required
to locate the full documentation in the reference list. If
items
from only one volume are cited, only the page reference
need
be added. If more than one volume is cited, the volume
number
should also appear. If more than one series of the record
group
is involved, the series number must also be added.
- (PAC PCOR, 147-49)
- (PAC PCOR, 1477:147-49)
- (PAC PCOR, ser. 1, 1477:147-49)
16.197
In the reference list entry, the abbreviation of the
name of the record group should follow, in parentheses,
the
full name of the group. Series and volume numbers follow
the record group.
Canada. Public Archives of Canada.
Privy
Council Office Records (PCOR). Ser. 1, vol. 1477.
Top
|
International Bodies
16.198
See the discussion at 15.411.
(League of Nations 1935)
(League of Nations 1933)
(League of Nations 1944)
(UN Secretariat 1951)
(UN General Assembly 1954)
(UNESCO 1963, 145)
(GATT 1969, 14-21)
League of Nations. 1935. Position
of women
of Russian origin in the Far East. Ser.
L.o.N.P. IV. 3.
League of Nations. 1933. Monetary
and economic conference: Draft annotated
agenda submitted by the Preparatory
Commission of Experts. II. Economic and
financial. II.Spec. I.
League of Nations. 1944.
International
currency experience: Lessons of the
inter-warperiod. Geneva. II.A.4.
United Nations. Secretariat.
Department of
Economic Affairs. 1951. Methods of
financing
economic development in underdeveloped
countries.
United Nations. General Assembly.
1954.
Ninth Session. Official Records.
Supplement 19.
Special United Nations fund for
economic development: Final report.
Prepared by Raymond Scheyven in pursuance
of UN General Assembly Resolution
724B (VIII), A/2728. UNESCO. 1963.
The development of higher education in
Africa. Pads.
General Agreement on Tadfrs and Trade
(GATT). 1969. Agreement on implementation of
article VI (Anti-dumping Code). Geneva.
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- Material
Obtained Through Loose-Leaf, Computer, or
InformationServices
16.207
For a background discussion see 15.421-22.
(CCH 1990, 20, 050.15)
(Kupisch 1983)
(Flax et al. 1979)
(Beevis 1983)
Commerce Clearing House (CCH).
1990 standard federal
tax reports. Chicago: Commerce Clearing House.
Kupisch, Susan J. 1983. Stepping in.
Paper
presented as part of the symposium Disrupted and
Reorganized
Families at the annual meeting of the Southeastern
Psychological Association, Atlanta, Ga., 23-26
March. DIALOG, ERIC, ED 233276.
Flax, Rosabel, et al. 1979.
Guidelines for
teaching mathematics K-12. Topeka: Kansas
State Department of
Education, Topeka Division of Education Services,
June. 85, DIALOG, ERIC, ED 178312.
Beevis, D. 1983. Ergonomist's role in
the weapon
system development process in Canada. Downsview,
Ont.: Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental
Medicine. 8, NTIS, AD-A145 5713/2. Microfiche.
In the second reference list entry above, the name of
the symposium has been given headline capitalization to
set it
off from the surrounding text.
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- Computer
Programs and Electronic Documents
Programs, or
Software
16.208
References to computer software (programs, packages,
languages, systems, and the like) are best made in
running text. The location and identity of the supplier
may
be reserved for the full citation in the reference list.
The following examples illustrate typical reference list
entries for computer software. Because dates are not
involved, the entries are identical to those for
humanities-style bibliographies (see also the discussion
at 15.423).
FORTRAN H-extended Version [or
Ver.] 2.3. IBM, White Plains, N.Y.
Houston Automatic Spooling Priority
II Ver. 4.0. IBM, White Plains, N.Y.
International Mathematical Subroutine
Library
Edition 8 (IMSL 8). International Mathematical
Subroutine Library, Inc., Houston, Tex.
Operating System/Virtual Storage Rel.
1.7 (OS/VS 1.7). IBM, White Plains, N.Y.
Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences Level
M Ver. 8 (SPSS Lev. M 8.1). SPSS, Chicago.
Lotus 1-2-3 Rel. 2. Lotus Development
Corporation, Cambridge. Mass.
Documents
16.209
See discussion at 15.424. Note that the year
the document is cited is used in lieu of the date of
publication.
("AIDS" 1990, 2)
(Belle de jour 1990)
(Moore 1990)
("Jericho's Walls" 1990)
(Kulikowski 1989)
"AIDS." See "Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome."
"Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome." 1990. In MESH
vocabulary file [database online]. Bethesda, Md.:
National Library of Medicine, 1990 [cited 3
October
1990]. Identifier no. D000163. [49 lines.]
Belle de jour. 1990. In
Magill's Survey of the
Cinema [database online]. Pasadena, Calif.: Salem
Press,
ca. 1989-[cited 1 January 1990]. Accession no.
50053. P. 2
of 4. Available from DIALOG Information Services,
Inc., Palo Alto, Calif.
Moore, Rich. 1990. "Compaq Computer:
COMPAQ Joins
the Fortune 500 Faster Than Any Company in
History."
In Businesswire [database online]. San Francisco:
Business Wire, 1986- [updated 9 April 1986; cited 10
March 1990]. Accession no. 000782; NO = BW420.5
screens.
Available from DIALOG Information Services, Inc., Palo
Alto, Calif.
"Jericho's Walls." 1990. In History
Log9008
[electronic bulletin board]. .I. 27 August 1990-
[cited 15 December 1990]. Available from
listserv @ FINHUTC.BITNET.
Kulikowski, Stan. 1989. "Readability
Formula."
In NL-KR (Digest vol. 5, no. 10) [electronic
bulletin
beard]. Rochester, N.Y., 1988 [cited 31 January
1989].
Available from nl-kr @ cs.rochester, edu;
INTERNET.
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